Among the types of resources available to human beings, thermal energy accounts for the main part, and 80% ~ 90% of the energy is converted into thermal energy before being used. At present, the most important conventional thermal energy source of mankind is fuel thermal energy, which refers to the thermal energy generated by the combustion of traditional fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, etc. Other thermal energy sources include solar energy, nuclear energy, geothermal energy, seawater thermal energy, etc., which are also new energy under research.
From the point of view of thermodynamics, any kind of energy can be 100% converted into heat energy, and its reverse process, that is, the efficiency of various thermal cycles, thermal equipment and heat energy utilization devices, will be limited by the second law of thermodynamics and cannot reach 100%. Considering the limitation of conversion technology, the relative utilization efficiency of heat energy is basically below 50%, and most of the heat energy is discharged into the environment in the form of waste heat, which also produces serious environmental and social problems.
Heat storage technology is a technology that uses heat storage materials as a medium to store solar thermal energy, geothermal energy, industrial waste heat, low-grade waste heat, etc., to solve the intermittent and unstable shortcomings of renewable energy and the contradiction between space-time supply and demand in the process of energy conversion and utilization, and to improve the utilization rate of heat energy. In general, thermal energy storage methods mainly include sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and chemical reaction heat storage.
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